%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  IEEE.bst  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Bibliography Syle file for articles according to IEEE instructions
% balemi@aut.ee.ethz.ch     <22-JUN-93>
% modified from unsrt.bib. Contributions by Richard H. Roy

ENTRY
 { address
   author
   booktitle
   chapter
   edition
   editor
   howpublished
   institution
   journal
   key
   month
   note
   number
   organization
   pages
   publisher
   school
   series
   title
   type
   volume
   year
 }
 {}
 { label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
 #1 'mid.sentence :=
 #2 'after.sentence :=
 #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
 output.state mid.sentence =
   { ", " * write$ }
   { output.state after.block =
% next line commented out by rhr and changed to write comma
%       { add.period$ write$
       { ", " * write$
         newline$
         "\newblock " write$
       }
       { output.state before.all =
           'write$
           { add.period$ " " * write$ }
         if$
       }
     if$
     mid.sentence 'output.state :=
   }
 if$
 s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   'pop$
   'output.nonnull
 if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
 duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
   'output.nonnull
 if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
 "\bibitem{" write$
 cite$ write$
 "}" write$
 newline$
 ""
 before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
 write$
 newline$
}

% 5/24/89 rhr
%  modified fin.entry function - prints note field after body of entry
%FUNCTION {fin.entry}
%{ add.period$
%  note empty$
%    'write$
%    { "\par\bgroup\parindent=0em  " * annote * "\par\egroup " * write$
%    }
%  if$
%  newline$
%}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
   'skip$
   { after.block 'output.state := }
 if$
}

% new block without terminating last block with a comma
FUNCTION {new.ncblock}
{
 write$
 newline$
 "\newblock "
 before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {new.nccont}
{
 write$
 " "
 before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
   'skip$
   { output.state before.all =
       'skip$
       { after.sentence 'output.state := }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
   { #1 }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
   { pop$ #0 }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
   'skip$
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
   'skip$
   'new.block
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
 swap$ empty$
 and
   'skip$
   'new.block
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
   'skip$
   'new.sentence
 if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
 swap$ empty$
 and
   'skip$
   'new.sentence
 if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "" }
   'skip$
 if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "" }
   { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {boldface}
{ duplicate$ empty$
   { pop$ "" }
   { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
 if$
}

%FUNCTION {boldface}
%{ 's swap$ :=
%  s "" =
%    { "" }
%    { "{\bf " s * "}" * }
%  if$
%}
%
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
 #1 'nameptr :=
 s num.names$ 'numnames :=
 numnames 'namesleft :=
   { namesleft #0 > }
   { s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
     nameptr #1 >
       { namesleft #1 >
           { ", " * t * }
           { numnames #2 >
               { "," * }
               'skip$
             if$
             t "others" =
               { " et~al." * }
               { " and " * t * }
             if$
           }
         if$
       }
       't
     if$
     nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
     namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
   }
 while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
   { "" }
   { author format.names }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
   { "" }
   { editor format.names
     editor num.names$ #1 >
       { ", Eds." * }
       { ", Ed." * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
   { "" }
   { "``" title "t" change.case$ * }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
 ""
   { t empty$ not }

  { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
       { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
           { "--" *
             t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
           }
           {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
               { "-" *
                 t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
               }
             while$
           }
         if$
       }
       { t #1 #1 substring$ *
         t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
       }
     if$
   }
 while$
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
   { month empty$
       { "" }
       { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
         month
       }
     if$
   }
   { month empty$
       'year
       { month " " * year * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

% FUNCTION {format.date}
% { year empty$
%       'year
%       { " "  year * }
%   if$
% }

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
   { "~" }
   { " " }
 if$
 swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
   'pop$
   { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
   { "" }
   { "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
     series empty$
       'skip$
       { " of " * series emphasize * }
     if$
     "volume and number" number either.or.check
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
   { number empty$
       { series field.or.null }
       { output.state mid.sentence =
           { "number" }
           { "Number" }
         if$
         number tie.or.space.connect
         series empty$
           { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
           { " in " * series * }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
   { "" }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
   { "" }
   { output.state mid.sentence =
       { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
       { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
 #0 'multiresult :=
   { multiresult not
     t empty$ not
     and
   }
   { t #1 #1 substring$
     duplicate$ "-" =
     swap$ duplicate$ "," =
     swap$ "+" =
     or or
       { #1 'multiresult := }
       { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
     if$
   }
 while$
 multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
   { "" }
   { pages multi.page.check
       { "pp." pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
       { "p." pages tie.or.space.connect }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{
volume empty$
  {"" }
  {"vol. " volume *}
if$
number empty$
  'skip$
  {", no. " number * *}
if$
pages empty$
  'skip$
   { duplicate$ empty$
       { pop$ format.pages }
       { ", pp. " * pages n.dashify * }
     if$
   }
if$
}

%FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
%%boldface added 3/17/87 rhr
%{ volume field.or.null boldface
%  number empty$
%    'skip$
%    { "(" number * ")" * *
%      volume empty$
%       { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
%       'skip$
%      if$
%    }
%  if$
%  pages empty$
%    'skip$
%    { duplicate$ empty$
%       { pop$ format.pages }
%       { ":" * pages n.dashify * }
%      if$
%    }
%  if$
%}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
   'format.pages
   { type empty$
       { "chapter" }
       { type "l" change.case$ }
     if$
     chapter tie.or.space.connect
     pages empty$
       'skip$
       { ", " * format.pages * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
   { "" }
   { editor empty$
       { "in " booktitle emphasize * }
       { "in "  booktitle emphasize *  ", " * format.editors * }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
 month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
 and and and and and
   { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
   'skip$
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
   'skip$
   { pop$
     type "t" change.case$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
   { "Tech. {R}ep." }
   'type
 if$
 number empty$
   { "t" change.case$ }
   { number tie.or.space.connect }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
   { journal empty$
       { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
         warning$
         ""
       }
       { "In {\em " journal * "\/}" * }
     if$
   }
   { "In " key * }
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
 editor num.names$ duplicate$
 #2 >
   { pop$ " et~al." * }
   { #2 <
       'skip$
       { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
           { " et~al." * }
           { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
         if$
       }
     if$
   }
 if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
   { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
     "In "
   }
   { "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
     " of " *
   }
 if$
 editor empty$
 editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
 or
   { key empty$
       { series empty$
           { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
             crossref * warning$
             "" *
           }
           { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
         if$
       }
       { key * }
     if$
   }
   { format.crossref.editor * }
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
 editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
 or
   { key empty$
       { booktitle empty$
           { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
             crossref * warning$
             ""
           }
           { "In {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
         if$
       }
       { "In " key * }
     if$
   }
   { "In " format.crossref.editor * }
 if$
 " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 new.block
 format.title ",''" * "title" output.check
 new.ncblock
 crossref missing$
   { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
     format.vol.num.pages output
     format.date "year" output.check
   }
   { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
     format.pages output
   }
 if$
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
   { format.authors output.nonnull
     crossref missing$
       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
 if$
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 crossref missing$
   { format.bvolume output
     new.block
     format.number.series output
     new.sentence
     publisher "publisher" output.check
     address output
   }
   { new.block
     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
   }
 if$
 format.edition output
 format.date "year" output.check
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors output
 new.block
 format.title ",''" * "title" output.check
 new.nccont
 howpublished address new.block.checkb
 howpublished output
 address output
 format.date output
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
   { format.authors output.nonnull
     crossref missing$
       { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
 if$
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 crossref missing$
   { format.bvolume output
     format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
     new.block
     format.number.series output
     new.sentence
     publisher "publisher" output.check
     address output
   }
   { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
     new.block
     format.book.crossref output.nonnull
   }
 if$
 format.edition output
 format.date "year" output.check
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 new.block
 format.title ",''" * "title" output.check
 new.ncblock
 crossref missing$
   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
     format.bvolume output
     format.number.series output
     format.chapter.pages output
     new.sentence
     publisher "publisher" output.check
     address output
     format.edition output
     format.date "year" output.check
   }
   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
     format.chapter.pages output
   }
 if$
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 new.block
 format.title ",''" * "title" output.check
 new.ncblock
 crossref missing$
   { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
     address empty$
       { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
         organization output
         format.date "year" output.check
       }
       { address output.nonnull
         format.date "year" output.check
         organization output
       }
     if$
     format.bvolume output
     format.number.series output
     format.pages output
     publisher output
   }
   { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
     format.pages output
   }
 if$
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
 author empty$
   { organization empty$
       'skip$
       { organization output.nonnull
         address output
       }
     if$
   }
   { format.authors output.nonnull }
 if$
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 author empty$
   { organization empty$
       { address new.block.checka
         address output
       }
       'skip$
     if$
   }
   { organization address new.block.checkb
     organization output
     address output
   }
 if$
 format.edition output
 format.date output
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 new.block
 format.title ",''" * "title" output.check
 new.ncblock
 "M.S. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
 school "school" output.check
 address output
 format.date "year" output.check
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors output
 title howpublished new.block.checkb
 format.title ",''" * output
 new.nccont
 howpublished new.block.checka
 howpublished output
 format.date output
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
 empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 new.block
 "Ph.D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
 school "school" output.check
 address output
 format.date "year" output.check
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
 editor empty$
   { organization output }
   { format.editors output.nonnull }
 if$
 new.block
 format.btitle "title" output.check
 format.bvolume output
 format.number.series output
 address empty$
   { editor empty$
       { publisher new.sentence.checka }
       { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
         organization output
       }
     if$
     publisher output
     format.date "year" output.check
   }
   { address output.nonnull
     format.date "year" output.check
     new.sentence
     editor empty$
       'skip$
       { organization output }
     if$
     publisher output
   }
 if$
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 new.block
 format.title ",''" * "title" output.check
 new.ncblock
 format.tr.number output.nonnull
 institution "institution" output.check
 address output
 format.date "year" output.check
 new.block
 note output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
 format.authors "author" output.check
 new.block
 format.title ",''" * "title" output.check
 new.ncblock
 note "note" output.check
 format.date output
 fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}

READ

STRINGS { longest.label }

INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
 #1 'number.label :=
 #0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
 number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
 label width$ longest.label.width >
   { label 'longest.label :=
     label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
   }
   'skip$
 if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {longest.label.pass}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
   'skip$
   { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
 if$
 "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label  * "}" * write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
 "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% End of IEEE.bst %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%